Long working hours and depressive symptoms
Udgivelsens forfattere:
- Marianna Virtanen
- Markus Jokela
- Ida Eh Madsen
- Linda L Magnusson Hanson
- Tea Lallukka
- Solja T Nyberg
- Lars Alfredsson
- G David Batty
- Jakob B Bjorner
- Marianne Borritz
- Hermann Burr
- Nico Dragano
- Raimund Erbel
- Jane E Ferrie
- Katriina Heikkilä
- Anders Knutsson
- Markku Koskenvuo
- Eero Lahelma
- Martin L Nielsen
- Tuula Oksanen
- Jan H Pejtersen
- Jaana Pentti
- Ossi Rahkonen
- Reiner Rugulies
- Paula Salo
- Jürgen Schupp
- Martin J Shipley
- Johannes Siegrist
- Archana Singh-Manoux
- Sakari B Suominen
- Töres Theorell
- Jussi Vahtera
- Gert G Wagner
- Jian Li Wang
- Vasoontara Yiengprugsawan
- Hugo Westerlund
- Mika Kivimäki
- Arbejdsmarked Arbejdsmarked
Objectives
This systematic review and meta-analysis combined published study-level data and unpublished individual-participant data with the aim of quantifying the relation between long working hours and the onset of depressive symptoms.
Methods
We searched PubMed and Embase for published prospective cohort studies and included available cohorts with unpublished individual-participant data. We used a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate summary estimates across studies.
Results
We identified ten published cohort studies and included unpublished individual-participant data from 18 studies. In the majority of cohorts, long working hours was defined as working ≥55 hours per week. In multivariable-adjusted meta-analyses of 189 729 participants from 35 countries [96 275 men, 93 454 women, follow-up ranging from 1-5 years, 21 747 new-onset cases), there was an overall association of 1.14 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.25] between long working hours and the onset of depressive symptoms, with significant evidence of heterogeneity (I 2=45.1%, P=0.004). A moderate association between working hours and depressive symptoms was found in Asian countries (1.50, 95% CI 1.13-2.01), a weaker association in Europe (1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.22), and no association in North America (0.97, 95% CI 0.70-1.34) or Australia (0.95, 95% CI 0.70-1.29). Differences by other characteristics were small.
Conclusions
This observational evidence suggests a moderate association between long working hours and onset of depressive symptoms in Asia and a small association in Europe.
Udgivelsens forfattere
- Marianna VirtanenMarkus JokelaIda Eh MadsenLinda L Magnusson HansonTea LallukkaSolja T NybergLars AlfredssonG David BattyJakob B BjornerMarianne BorritzHermann BurrNico DraganoRaimund ErbelJane E FerrieKatriina HeikkiläAnders KnutssonMarkku KoskenvuoEero LahelmaMartin L NielsenTuula OksanenJan H PejtersenJaana PenttiOssi RahkonenReiner RuguliesPaula SaloJürgen SchuppMartin J ShipleyJohannes SiegristArchana Singh-ManouxSakari B SuominenTöres TheorellJussi VahteraGert G WagnerJian Li WangVasoontara YiengprugsawanHugo WesterlundMika Kivimäki
Om denne udgivelse
Publiceret i
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health